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Phil Jamieson

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A Christmas Carol

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Dec 19, 2012 6:30:00 AM

Today's tip is: Read great literature. We're happy to reproduce the last few paragraphs of a Christmas classic for your reading pleasure. We'll go back to the hardcore grammar tips in 2013.

"A merry Christmas, Bob," said Scrooge, with an earnestness that could not be mistaken, as he clapped him on the back. "A merrier Christmas, Bob, my good fellow, than I have given you for many a year. I'll raise your salary, and endeavour to assist your struggling family, and we will discuss your affairs this very afternoon, over a Christmas bowl of smoking bishop, Bob. Make up the fires, and buy another coal-scuttle before you dot another i, Bob Cratchit!"

Scrooge was better than his word. He did it all, and infinitely more; and to Tiny Tim, who did not die, he was a second father. He became as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man, as the good old city knew, or any other good old city, town, or borough, in the good old world. Some people laughed to see the alteration in him, but he let them laugh, and little heeded them; for he was wise enough to know that nothing ever happened on this globe, for good, at which some people did not have their fill of laughter in the outset; and knowing that such as these would be blind anyway, he thought it quite as well that they should wrinkle up their eyes in grins, as have the malady in less attractive forms. His own heart laughed: and that was quite enough for him.

He had no further intercourse with Spirits, but lived upon the Total Abstinence Principle, ever afterwards; and it was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God Bless Us, Every One!

Source: A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens (1843).

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Antecedent Agreement

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Dec 12, 2012 6:30:00 AM

The word antecedent is a fancy name for a substantive word, phrase, or clause whose denotation is referred to by a pronoun.

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Topics: antecedents, pronouns

Dates

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Dec 6, 2012 12:30:00 PM

We don't mean the edible dates, and we don't mean jaunts to the movies with your cutie. We are writing this week on the proper expression of dates in time.

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Topics: dates, writing dates

The Colon: Its Use in Punctuation

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Nov 13, 2012 2:30:00 PM

People over fifty should see their doctor about a colonoscopy at least every five years. But that's something for another letter, another time, and another doctor. Let's talk about the simple colon--the printed character.

A colon introduces an element or a series of elements illustrating or amplifying what has preceded the colon. Between independent clauses it functions much like a semicolon, though more strongly emphasizing sequence. The colon may be used instead of a period to introduce a series of related sentences (as in the fourth example below). Colons are also used in URLs; no space precedes or follows a colon in a URL. A colon should never be immediately followed by a dash: either a colon or a dash suffices.
  • The tournament covers three contests: slalom, trick skiing, and jumping.
  • They even relied on a chronological analogy: just as the Year II had overshadowed 1789, so the October Revolution had eclipsed that of February.
  • Many of the skiers held day jobs: thirteen of them, for example, moonlighted as surfboard shapers.
  • Sassafras was faced with a hideous choice: Should she reveal what was in the letter and ruin her reputation? Or should she remain silent and compromise the integrity of the judges?
  • You should be able to find an archived version of the article at http://www.allworldnewspapers.com.

Lowercase or capital letter after a colon? When a colon is used within a sentence, as in the first three examples above, the first word following the colon is lowercased unless it is a proper noun. When a colon introduces two or more sentences (as in the fourth example above), or when it introduces a speech in dialogue or an extract, the first word is capitalized. (See examples in following rules.)

With "as follows" and the like. A colon is normally used after as follows, the following, and similar expressions.
  • The steps are as follows: first, put a vest on; second, grab a rope and jump in; third, put the ski on; fourth, hold on!
  • I argue for the following propositions: First, . . . Second, . . . Third, . . .

Introducing speech. A colon is often used to introduce speech in dialogue or an extract.
  • Michael: Are you ready?
    Dorothy: Hit it!
  • Mortimer Dareuman, author of Learn to Water Ski in Ten Seconds, starts his book boldly: "When you're in the water with your skis and you see an alligator swimming toward you with its mouth wide open, ..."

With introductory phrase. At the beginning of a speech or a formal communication, a colon usually follows the identification of those addressed.
  • Ladies and Gentlemen:
  • To Whom It May Concern:
  • Dear Credit and Collections Manager:

Inappropriate uses of colon. A colon is not normally used after namely, for example, and similar expressions. Nor is it used before a series introduced by a verb or a preposition.
  • The story involved the three most critical issues, namely, who competed, who won, and who went to the hospital.
  • An application should include educational background, work experience, and other relevant experience.
  • This manual is concerned with (1) the steering wheel, (2) the rudder, (3) the GPS, and (4) the compass.

With parentheses or brackets. When the context calls for a colon at the end of material enclosed in parentheses or brackets, the colon should follow the closing parenthesis or bracket.
  • A change occurred in the behavior of the animals (rhesus monkeys): they had become hypersensitive to sound.

Source: The Chicago Manual of Style.

 

 

Click here to download Common Grammar Rules

 

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Topics: punctuation, using a colon

And...and more

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Oct 24, 2012 5:30:00 AM

And. Retain and before the last item in a series, even though that last item consists of two words joined by and.

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Active or Passive Voice? Take a Side.

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Oct 16, 2012 5:30:00 AM

Guideline. Unless you have a good reason for doing otherwise, express verbs in the active rather than the passive voice.

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Topics: verbs

Appositives

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Oct 9, 2012 5:30:00 AM

While many people may not know what an appositive is, clients use them often in the documents we see on our server. This week's post is on the appositive and how to use it. We use as our guide the venerable Chicago Manual of Style.

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Topics: punctuation, appositives

Use of That

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Oct 2, 2012 5:30:00 AM

A venerable client wrote recently and asked, "Should 'that' be added before 'innovation' in the following sentence?"

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Topics: when to omit that, when to use that, that

Are you set on question marks with other marks of punctuation?

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Sep 18, 2012 5:30:00 AM

"Well, are you?" he asked.

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Topics: punctuation, question mark

In Grammar, Possession is Less than Nine-Tenths of the Law

Posted by Phil Jamieson   Sep 13, 2012 5:30:00 AM

There are many rules in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. It's important that you follow all of them in order to ensure that your documents are acceptable to all readers. We see many documents in which the authors' confusion regarding possessive punctuation is evident. The following list, taken from The Chicago Manual of Style(15th edition), will help clear things up:
  • Kansas's legislature
  • Chicago's lakefront
  • Burns's poems
  • Marx's theories
  • Berlioz's works
  • Strauss's Vienna
  • Dickens's novels
  • the Lincolns' marriage
  • William's reputation
  • the Williamses' new house
  • Malraux's masterpiece
  • Inez's diary
  • the Martinezes' daughter
  • Josquin des Prez's motets
  • dinner at the Browns' (that is, at the Browns' home)
  • FDR's legacy
  • 1999's heaviest snowstorm
  • Yahoo!'s chief executive
    Exceptions (for names of two or more syllables that end in an eez sound):
  • Euripides' tragedies
  • the Ganges' source
  • Xerxes' armies
    and (for words and names ending in unpronounced s)
  • Descartes' three dreams
  • the marquis' mother
  • Francois' efforts to learn English
  • Albert Camus' novels (the s is unpronounced)
    but
  • Raoul Camus's anthology (the s is pronounced)
    Other exceptions:
  • for righteousness' sake
  • for goodness' sake
  • for Jesus' sake
    but
  • Jesus's disciples

 

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Topics: possessives, punctuation, grammar

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